{"id":69474,"date":"2026-10-26T05:56:18","date_gmt":"2026-10-26T05:56:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sci.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/?p=69474"},"modified":"2026-10-27T05:59:15","modified_gmt":"2026-10-27T05:59:15","slug":"%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%af-%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%88%d9%85-%d8%a8%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d8%b3%d9%88%d9%87%d8%a7%d8%ac-%d9%8a%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%82%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sci.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%af-%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%88%d9%85-%d8%a8%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d8%b3%d9%88%d9%87%d8%a7%d8%ac-%d9%8a%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%82%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0639\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062c \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0634\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u0635 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\/ \u062d\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0646\u0628\u060c \u0639\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0634\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0645\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0634\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0634\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u062c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

………………………………<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u2013 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u2026 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u0635 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\/ \u062d\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0646\u0628\u060c \u0639\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0634\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0645\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0629 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":69497,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"zakra_page_container_layout":"customizer","zakra_page_sidebar_layout":"customizer","zakra_remove_content_margin":false,"zakra_sidebar":"customizer","zakra_transparent_header":"customizer","zakra_logo":0,"zakra_main_header_style":"default","zakra_menu_item_color":"","zakra_menu_item_hover_color":"","zakra_menu_item_active_color":"","zakra_menu_active_style":"","zakra_page_header":true,"footnotes":""},"categories":[28,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-69474","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-28","category-9"],"rttpg_featured_image_url":{"full":["https:\/\/sci.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/0-7.jpg",1599,899,false],"landscape":["https:\/\/sci.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/0-7.jpg",1599,899,false],"portraits":["https:\/\/sci.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/0-7.jpg",1599,899,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/sci.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/0-7-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/sci.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/0-7-300x169.jpg",300,169,true],"large":["https:\/\/sci.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/0-7-1024x576.jpg",812,457,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/sci.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/0-7-1536x864.jpg",1536,864,true],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/sci.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/0-7.jpg",1599,899,false]},"rttpg_author":{"display_name":"Ahmed Hamdy Elaref","author_link":"https:\/\/sci.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/author\/ahmed\/"},"rttpg_comment":0,"rttpg_category":"\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/a> \u0627\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/a>","rttpg_excerpt":"\u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u0635 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\/ \u062d\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0646\u0628\u060c \u0639\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0634\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0645\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0629…","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sci.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69474","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sci.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sci.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sci.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sci.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=69474"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sci.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69474\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":69498,"href":"https:\/\/sci.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69474\/revisions\/69498"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sci.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/69497"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sci.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=69474"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sci.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=69474"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sci.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=69474"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}